尽管动词不定式用法灵活多样;尽管有些动词或短语后面既可以接to do 又可以接 doing ,但只要我们用心观察,发现还是可以找到规律的。与其说是动词不定式,到还不如说是动词“定式”。因为我们可以大体上把它分为三类形式,即: do / to do / doing 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语,是非谓语形式的一种。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是 to+do;其否定形式是 not to+do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明,希望同学们从中找到规律,下次FOX嘉洲来和你一起讨论并解决问题。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor. b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板: 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk. 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write. b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day. I heard her sing in the next room. 提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room. 4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句:I have a lot of work to do. The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with? 5.表语:放在连系动词be后面 例句:His wish is to become a scientist. The first important thing is to save the soldiers'lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6.作状语 a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面。如: I come to see you. He runs fast in order to get there in time. b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised, disappointed,excited等词后面。如: I am glad to see you here. I am sorry to trouble you. c.作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach. The room is large enough to hold 1000 people. 7.与what,who,whose,when,where, how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如: I don't know what to do next.(宾语) He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语) It's still a question how to get there.(主语) (责任编辑:admin) |