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初一英语复习资料:新目标七年级上全册要点讲解与练习(2)

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    like sth. / sb. 喜欢…
    like doing sth. 喜欢做…
    like to do sth. 想做…
    like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做…
    would like to do sth.想做…
    would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做…
    2) like prep.
    be like 像…
    look/sound like 看/听起来像…
    高分突破:
    like doing sth. 喜欢做…(长期的喜好,习惯)
    1)
    like to do sth. 想做…(短期的,具体的某一次活动) = want to do
    dislike, love, hate 都有类似的用法。
    What does your father like? 你父亲喜欢什么?
    2)
    What is your father like? 你父亲长得什么样?
    dislike v. 不喜欢
    3)
    unlike prep. 不像
    3) 泛指某一类的事物:
    不可数名词:直接使用
    可数名词: 名词复数 / 冠词+名词单数
    20. Runner eats well. 跑步选手吃得好。
    1) 构词法:在动词后面加-er或-or,将动词变为名词,意思是“做……的人”
    直接加:
    clean–cleaner sing-singer paint-painter wait-waiter
    report-reporter work-worker teach-teacher speak-speaker
    act-actor visit-visitor
    只加-r:
    dance-dancer write-writer drive-driver
    双写尾字母:
    run-runner swim-swimmer shop-shopper
    高分突破:
    1) cook v.烹调 ― cook n.厨师 - cooker n.厨房用具
    2) 跑步明星: running star (√)
    runner star (×)
    21. Middlebrook High running star Katrina Pedrosa eats a lot of healthy food. Middlebrook高中的跑步明星Katrina Pedrosa吃许多健康的食物。
    1) a lot of = lots of 可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
    Jim drank a lot of/lots of beer.
    I have a lot of/lots of things to do.
    2) a lot = a lot of/ lots of +名词
    Do we have some rice at home now ?
    Yes, we have a lot.
    3) a lot作状语,表示程度、数量或频率。
    I like ice-cream a lot.
    Thanks a lot.
    I know a lot about it.
    22.For breakfast, she likes eggs, bananas and apples.
    早饭她喜欢吃鸡蛋,香蕉和苹果。
    1) for 就……而言
    2) have/eat + 三餐 “吃早/中/晚饭” 例如:
    I usually have lunch at home.
    have/eat + a + adj. + 三餐 “吃怎样的早/中/晚饭” 例如:
    have a rich/ big/quick/…breakfast 吃了顿丰盛的/迅速的早餐
    We had a quick super tonight.
    23. How much are these pants? 这裤子多少钱?
    对价格提问:
    1)How much …?
    2)How much … cost?
    3)What’s the price of …?
    例如:
    How much is this sweater?
    = How much does this sweater cost?
    = What’s the price of this sweater?
    24. You name it, we have it at a very good price.
    只要你说得出来,我们这里都有并以优惠的价格出售。
    以怎样的价格: at a ... price
    以优惠的/高的/低廉的价格: at a good/ high/ low price
    我以优廉的价格买了一双鞋.
    I buy a pair of shoes at a good price.
    这件毛衣正在以高价出售.
    This sweater is on sale at a high price.
    高分突破:
    price和high、good、low等词搭配使用。
    things(东西)和expensive、dear、cheap等词搭配使用。
    例如:
    The price of this coat is high. = This coat is expensive.
    The price of my trousers is low. = My trousers are cheap.
    容易犯的错:
    The price of these pants is expensive.
    My glasses are low (price).
    25. We have T-shirts in red, green and black.
    我们出售红色,绿色和黑色的T恤衫。
    同义句:We have red T-shirts, green T-shirts and white T-shirts.
    n.+ in + 颜色 = 颜色+n. 例如:
    She has a new orange jacket. = She has a new jacket in orange.
    n. + in all colors 各种颜色的…… 例如:
    各种颜色的毛衣: the sweaters in all colors
    各种颜色的水: the water in all colors
    高分突破:
    在n. + in all colors这个短语中,若中心词是可数名词则应用复数形式。
    例如:
    各种颜色的帽子:the caps in all colors (√)
    the cap in all colors (×)
    26. We have black and blue hats for $15.
    我们以15美元出售黑蓝色的帽子。
    1) 同义句:We sell black and blue hats at the price of $15.
    for + money = at the price of + money 以……(具体的)价格
    2) buy sth. for + money 以……(具体的)价格买了什么
    buy sth. for + sb. 给某人买了什么
    例如:
    I bought a pair of red socks for $3.
    I bought a pair of red socks for my daughter.
    27. Huaxing Clothing Store Sale1! 华兴服装店大减价!
    1) sale n. 出售
    2) great sale 大减价
    at great sale 在大减价期间,例如:
    come and buy some clothes for you at great sale.
    3) on sale 正在出售,例如:
    Look! The cute toy bears are on sale!
    4) for sale 待售, 例如:
    This house is for sale!
    高分突破:
    sell v. 卖
    Is that book on sale in you store? = Do you sell that book?
    sell sth. to sb. 把什么卖给某人
    Ⅳ. 语法精讲
    名词
    1. 含义
    名词表示人或事物的名称或抽象概念,可在句子中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语或定语。
    2. 分类
    1)名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。
    人名:Gina, Lin Wei, Mr. Bush etc.
    节日:Christmas, Teachers’ Day etc.
    专有名词 地名:Chongqing, China, America etc.
    时间:Sunday, September etc.
    机构,团体等:CCTV, WTO etc.
    个体名词:strawberry, baseball, drum etc.
    集体名词:class, family, people, police etc.
    普通名词
    物质名词:water, meat, sea etc.
    抽象名词:work, surprise etc.
    高分突破:
    专有名词前一般不加冠词。
    带有冠词的专有名词:
    ①由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前。例如: the Great Wall the Summer Palace
    ②由“普通名词+专有名词”或“专有名词+普通名词” 构成的专有名词前。
    例如: the New York Times
    ③表示全体国民的专有名词前。例如: the Chinese
    ④表示“一家人”或“夫妇”的专有名词前。例如: the Greens
    ⑤报刊、书籍、杂志的专有名词前。例如: the Times
    ⑥团体机关、学校、医院、公共建筑的名称前。例如: the United Nations
    ⑦江湖、海洋、山脉等名字的专有名词前。例如: the Yellow River
    可数名词:可以用数目计算,有单复数之分。
    例如: event, documentary, tomato etc.
    2)按名词的可数性
    不可数名词:不可以用数目计算,一般没有单复数之分。例如: rice, broccoli, beef etc.
    单数名词:指单个的可数物体。
    例如: a runner,an orange ect
    3)按可数名词及其形式
    复数名词:指两个或以上的可数物体。
    例如: some watches, three uncles etc.
    3. 名词的数
    1) 一般名词的复数形式
    高分突破:
    ① 以y结尾的专有名词,变为复数时,直接加-s。eg the little Marys 小玛丽们
    ② 以下以f, fe结尾的名词变为复数时,直接加-s。
    roof – roofs (房顶) chief – chiefs (首长) safe – safes (保险箱)
    ③ 以下以o结尾的外来词,变为复数时直接加-s。
    zoo – zoos radio – radios photo – photos piano – pianos
    kilo – kilos video – videos
    2) 名词复数的不规则变化:
    sheep – sheep deer – deer Chinese – Chinese Japanese – Japanese
    fish –fish man – men woman – women foot – feet tooth – teeth
    child – children mouse – mice
    3) 复合名词的复数形式
    词的构成特点变复数的方法例词
    由若干部分组成并含有一种中心词(指人的词) 将中心词变为复数形式 son-in-law (女婿)—sons-in-law
    grandchild—grandchildren(孙子)
    looker-on (旁观者)—lookers-on
    组成部分均为表示人的主体词 (特别注意由man, woman组成的复合词)各组成部分都要变为复数形式 woman doctor(女医生)
    —women doctor
    man teacher(男老师)—men teachers
    组成部分没有中心词 最后一个组成词上加 -s grown-up (成年人)—grown-ups
    go-between(中间人)—go-betweens
    4) 只有复数形式的名词
    scissors(剪刀), trousers(裤子), glasses(眼镜), savings(积蓄)
    earnings(工资), arms(武器), thanks(感谢),goods(货物),
    clothes(衣服), chopsticks(筷子)
    5) 一些名词以s结尾,但一般用单数
    economics(经济学),physics(物理),tennis etc.
    高分突破:
    1) 有一些不可数名词在使用时常常被误作为可数名词使用,因此应特别注意。
    例如: advice(意见),labor(劳动),information(信息、消息),
    furniture(家具),traffic(交通)。
    2) 一些表示度量的名词复数形式在使用时表示单数含义,因此谓语动词用单数。
    例如: Two years isn’t a long time to us.
    两年的时间对我们来说不长。
    4.名词的格
    1) -’s所有格形式的构成
    ① 大多数单数名词后加 's 构成其所有格形式。
    例如: Sally’s address 莎莉的地址
    my cousin’s nationality 我表弟的国籍
    ② 以 s 结尾的名词(特别是名词复数),在 s 后加 '
    例如: the teachers' office 老师们的办公室
    three minutes’ walk 三分钟的路程
    ③ 复合词和由两个或两个以上名词表示共有关系的词组,在最后一个名词后加所有格符号's。
    例如: Mary and Linda's birthday 玛丽和琳达的生日
    ④如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别的拥有关系,则在每个名词后分别加 'S。
    例如: Mary's and Linda's birthdays 玛丽的生日和琳达的生日
    2)以of加名词组成 of 属格
    例如: the color of the sweater 毛衣的颜色
    the name of the movie 电影的名字
    3)在以下情况中,只能用of与 's 构成双重所有格
    ① 所有格所修饰的名词前面有一个数量词或一个指示代词that时,要用双重所有格(数量词包括 a,two,some,no,any,few等)。
    例如: an aunt of Mary's(=one of Mary's aunts)
    玛丽的一个阿姨
    some photos of my mother’s 我母亲的一些照片
    that son of Mr. Smith's 史密斯先生的那个儿子
    that smile of the boy's 那个孩子的微笑
    4)名词所有格的省略式
    ① 当名词所有格所修饰的名词在前面已出现过,为避免重复,往往省略。
    例如: I need your trumpet, not Bill's.
    我需要你的喇叭,不是比尔的(喇叭)。
    ② 当被所有格修饰的名词表示店铺、教堂或某人的家时,这一名词省略。
    例如: I'm going to the tailor's to get my dress.
    我要去裁缝店拿我的衣服。
    We'll visit St. Paul's (cathedral). 我们将参观圣保罗教堂。
    They took part in the birthday party at Tom's.
    他们参加了在汤姆家举行的生日聚会。
    高分突破:
    1) 不以s结尾的复数名词所有格的构成形式与单数名词的相同。
    例如: the children's movie 孩子们的电影
    the Women's Day妇女节
    2) 在以下两个语言点使用的时候,注意其名词的单复数。
    例如: Mary and Linda's birthday 玛丽和琳达的生日
    Mary's and Linda's birthdays 玛丽的生日和琳达的生日
    3)“-'s”与“of”两种所有格的区别。
    ① “-'s”所有格形式多用于表示有生命的名词,或表示与人类活动有关的时间、地点、机构等名词。
    例如: Tom's books 汤姆的书
    today's newspaper 今天的报纸
    ② “of”所有格主要表示无生命的东西。
    例如: the ticket of Chinese Kung Fu show 中国功夫表演的门票
    the price of the pants 裤子的价格
    ③ 表示类别或属性时,只能用“-'s”所有格形式。
    例如: a women's college 女子学院
    children's books 儿童读物
    a college of the women 那些女人的学院
    ④ 所有格中的名词后面有定语(如现在分词短语或介词短语等),只能用“of”所有格形式。
    例如: It is the violin of the boy speaking to the teacher.
    这是正同老师说话的那个男生的小提琴。
    He is a student of Fifth Middle School in Xi'an.
    他是西安第五中学的学生。
    ⑤ 当所有格中的名词是以定冠词加形容词的形式出现时,只能用 of 构成的所有格形式。
    例如: the happiness of the old 老年人的幸福
    the problems of the young 年轻人的问题
    5 名词的句法功能
    1)在句中作主语
    例如: The show is very boring.
    这个节目很无聊。
    2)作表语
    例如: My brother is a reporter.
    我弟弟是个记者。
    3)作宾语或复合宾语
    例如: He finished his task on time.
    他按时完成了他的任务。
    We made Tom our captain.
    我们选汤姆为我们的队长。
    4)作定语
    例如: pen pal 笔友
    5)作状语
    例如: The meeting lasted two hours.
    会议持续了两个小时。
    Wait a moment.
    等一会儿。
    He was late for class this morning.
    今天早晨他上课迟到了。
    6)作同位语
    例如: Mr. Smith, the movie star, is speaking now.
    电影明星史密斯先生,正在讲话。
    We students should study hard.
    我们学生应该努力学习。
    代词
    1. 含义
    代词是为了避免重复而用来代替名词的词,大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
    2. 人称代词
    1) 表示“我”、“你”、“他(她、它)”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词叫做人称代词。
    2) 变化形式
    数
    人称
    词义
    格单数复数
    一二三一二三
    我你他 她 它我们你们他们
    主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey
    宾格meyouhim her itusyouthem
    3) 用法
    ① 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。
    例如: He comes from Brazil.
    ② 人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语。
    例如:Let her play the piano for you.
    高分突破:
    1) 当几个代词同时作主语时,其顺序一般是:
    单数:you, he and I
    复数:we, you and they.
    例如: You, he and I are in the same school now.
    We, you and they must come here on time.
    2).表示国家、大地、船只、月亮等名词常用she来替代(sun则常用he)。
    例如: China is my motherland. She isn’t what she used to be.
    3. 物主代词
    1) 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词。
    2) 变化形式
    数
    人称
    词义
    种类单数复数
    一二三一二三
    我的你的他的 她的 它的我们的你们的他们
    的
    形容词性的物主代词myyourhis her itsouryourtheir
    名词性的物主代词mineyourshis hers itsoursyourtheirs
    3) 用法
    ① 形容词性的物主代词在句中作定语。
    例如:Today is his birthday.
    ② 名词性的物主代词常用来避免前面已提及的名词,在句中作主语、表语、宾语。
    例如:This is your backpack, mine is on the floor under the bed.
    高分突破:
    名词性的物主代词常用在of后作定语。
    例如: A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.
    4. 反身代词
    1) 表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”等意思的词被称为反身代词。
    2) 变化形式
    数
    人称单数
    复数
    第一人称myselfOurselves
    第二人称yourselfYourselves
    第三人称himself
    herself
    itselfThemselves
    3) 用法
    ① 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示强调。
    例如: He himself went to see an action movie yesterday.
    You’d better ask Mr. Green himself about it.
    ② 作介词宾语。
    例如: I learn French all by myself.
    ③ 与动词:enjoy, help, hurt, teach, look after, take care of, wash, buy, dress连用,作动词宾语。
    5. 相互代词
    1) 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词。
    2) 相互代词有:each other, one another, 在句中作宾语。
    例如:We should help each other.
    3) 其所有格格式为:each other’s, one another’s, 作定语。
    例如: We don’t know each other’s names.
    6. 指示代词
    1) 表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫作指示代词。
    2) 指示代词有:this, that, these, those, such, same 等;可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语。
    7. 不定代词
    1) 表示不定数量的人或物的代词叫做不定代词。
    2) 英语中常见的不定代词有:some, any, both, none, either, neither, all, one, each, many, much, another, other, more, most, few, little等。另外还有由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词。
    3) 不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语等。
    8. 疑问代词
    1) 疑问代词what, which, who, whom, whose用来构成特殊疑问句,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
    2) 用法
    ① what一般用来指物,指人时通常询问职业。
    例如: What are you doing? I’m talking on the phone.
    What is your father? He’s a policeman.
    ② who, whom, whose均指人,who为主格形式,在句中作主语或表语;whom是宾格形式,在句中作宾语;whose是所有格形式,一般作定语。
    例如: Who’s singing there?
    Whom did you talk with just now?
    Whose car is this?
    ③ which可以用来指人或物。
    例如: Which book is better, this one or that one?
    9. 关系代词
    关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that用来以引导定语从句。
    [强化训练]
    I.单项选择
    1. Her ____ name is Kate.
    A. last B. first C. second D. family
    2. This apple is green. His family name is _____, too.
    A. Red B. Black C. green D. Green
    3. The boy ____ blue ____ Tom.
    A. in, is B. is, in C. are, on D. of, are
    4. My orange is ______ .
    A. a orange B. orange C. a green D. oranges
    5. What’s in the lost and found case?
    _________.
    A. Set of keys B. A set of key C. A set of keies D. A set of keys
    6. Who’s that? __________.
    A. That’s a waitress.
    B. This is a girl.
    C. This is Ms Wang.
    D. That’s Mrs Wang.
    7. Your uncle is your father’s______.
    A. sister B. cousin C. friends D. father
    8. Can I see your ID card? ______.
    A. OK B. Can you C. Good D. You see
    9. Would you please ____ me a pen?
    A. take B. bring C. know D. let
    10. “ Are the things in this shop dear?”
    “ No, they are ______.”
    A. good B. $ 12 C. low price D. cheap
    11. “ ________, that’s a car.”
    “ Where? I can’t _____ it.”
    A. Look, look B. Look, see C. Look at, see D. See, look at
    12. _____ a cute dog. But I don’t know _____ name.
    A. It’s, its B. Its, it’s C. It’s, it’s D. Its, its
    13. What does he ____ ____ dinner?
    A. has, for B. has, at C. have, in D. have, for
    14. ______ salad do you eat?
    A. How many B. What many C. How much D. What much
    15. Does your sister ____ books every day?
    A. watch B. see C. reads D. read
    16. I buy these watches _____ them ___ $ 12.
    A. to, at B. from, for C. to, for D. from, at
    17. Sam is ____ years old. He’s a good boy.
    A. forteen B. fourten C. forty D. fourteen
    18. Let’s sing a song for him. ____
    A. That’s all right. B. That’s right. C. All right. D. Right.
    19. Jerry isn’t _____. He’s ______.
    A. an English, American B. English boy, American
    C. English, American D. English, a American
    20. I’m sorry I’m late.
    ________.
    A. That’s right. B. That’s all right.
    C. You’re welcome. D. That’s ok.
    II. 句型转换:
    1. My sister likes strawberries. (变为一般疑问句)
    _____ your sister _____ strawberries?
    2. There are some notebooks in my backpack. (变为否定句)
    There _____ _____ notebooks in my backpack.
    3. These are some English dictionaries. (变为单数)
    ___________________________________.
    4. Jack usually has a hamburger and a cup of milk for lunch.
    (对划线部分提问)
    _____ _____ Jack usually _____ for lunch?
    5. She watches TV at home every day. (对划线部分提问)
    ________ ______ she ______ TV every day?
    6. Mr. Smith wants to buy a new coat. (对划线部分提问)
    ______ ____ Mr. Smith ______ to _____?
    7. This desk is old. (同义句)
    This is ____ _____ desk.
    8. He’s Kim’s father. (同义句)
    Kim is _____ ________.
    9. What’s the price of the pants? (同义句)
    _____ _____ _____ the pants?
    10. I like the red sweater. (同义句)
    I like the ______ ______ ______.
    III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空:
    1. It’s not ____ alarm clock. (a)
    2. Let ____ play tennis. (I)
    3. Where ___ Tom’s parents?(be)
    4. Many ____. That’s all right.(thank)
    5. I see your ______. They are fine.(grandparent)
    6. Your ____ are my pen ______.(朋友)
    7. His _____ are very cute.(女儿)
    8. The two ____ are good. (家庭)
    9. _____ answers are right.(they)
    10. Her sister and his brother aren’t my _____ (表兄妹)
    Ⅳ. 改错
    1. This is a his pen.
    ________________________________.
    2. Her pen is a yellow.
    ________________________________.
    3. Are your name Tom?
    ________________________________.
    4. You pen is OK.
    ________________________________.
    5. Tom and Peter is English.
    ________________________________.
    6. How are you spell “pen”?
    ________________________________.
    7. That is they school.
    ________________________________.
    8. These is his brothers.
    ________________________________.
    9. Tom, where is his keys?
    ________________________________.
    10. Let’s play the football.
    ________________________________.
    Ⅴ. 翻译填空
    1. 你的名字是Peter吗?是的。
    ______ your name Peter? Yes, _____ _____.
    2. 那只丢失的手表是新的。
    That ______ ______ is new.
    3. 她的叔叔是她妈妈的弟弟。
    Her _______ is her _______ ________.
    4. 看!我的录像带在地板上椅子底下。
    Look! My _______ _______ is _______ the floor _______ the chair.
    5. 你喜欢体育吗?欢迎加入我们学校体育中心。
    ______ you like ______? ______ to _______ our _______ _______ _______.
    6. 这场足球比赛真的很无聊。
    The _________ game is ______ ______ _______.
    7. 我阿姨喜欢沙拉但她不喜欢花椰菜。
    My aunt _______ _______ but she ______ ______ _______.
    8. 跑步明星Tony午餐常吃牛奶和汉堡。
    _______ _______, Tony, often ______ milk and _______ _______ lunch.
    9. 你这条绿色的新短裤多少钱?
    How _______ _______ your new green _______?
    What ______ the _______ of your new green ________?
    10. 我们商店出售各种颜色的毛衣。
    The ________ in all _______ are _______ _______ in our store.
    Ⅵ. 口语运用
    A: Good morning!
    B: ________________.
    A: _________________________________?
    B: I’m looking for a sweater for my sister.
    A: How about the red one?
    B: No, ________________. I like the blue one.
    A: Here you are.
    B: Oh, it’s very nice, isn’t it? ____________________?
    A: It’s $40.
    B: _________________. Can you show me a cheaper one?
    A: What about this blue sweater? It’s only $25.
    B: Well, it looks nice. ___________. Here’s the money.
    A: Thank you.
    B: __________.
    Ⅶ. 用所给句子补全对话
    A: For supper let’s have rice and chicken.
    B: _______________________________________.
    A: So what do you want to have?
    B: _______________________________________.
    A: What kind of fruit do you like?
    B: _______________________________________.
    A: _______________________________________.
    B: That’s OK. Thank you.
    A: Does your mother like apples?
    B: _______________________________________.
    1. For supper, I like rice and chicken.
    2. Oh, I don’t know. Maybe she does.
    3. I like apples.
    4. I’m sorry I don’t have apples. How about strawberries?
    5. That sounds good.
    6. That’s nice but I don’t like chicken at all.
    7. What about rice and fish?
    Unit 8 ~ Review of Units 8~14
    [考点聚焦]
    I. 词组归纳
    1. 看报纸 ________________
    2. 英语演讲比赛 _________________
    3. 开一个生日派对 _________________
    4. 一次学校的郊游 _________________
    5. 每年开一次艺术节 _________________
    6. 在四月 __________________
    7. 一个流行音乐会 _________________
    8. 看一场电影 ________________
    9. 一部成功的动作电影 _________________
    10. 在周末 ________________
    11. 呆在家里 ________________
    12. 中国历史 ________________
    13. 因为同样的原因 ________________
    14. 一句话,简言之 ________________
    15. 我最喜欢的电影明星 _________________
    16. 实际上 ________________
    17. 想成为 ________________
    18. 一个京剧艺术家 __________________ 
    

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