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五、用作宾语补足语 1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, , advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如： 1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house. 2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes. 2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如： 1)This picture makes me feel excited! 2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week. 3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。 1) they can help you to learn English. 2)Using email English helps you write quickly. 六、用作状语 1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如： 1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early. 2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3)She came to this city to visit her daughter. 2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如： 1) I feel very lucky to have him. 2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如： 1) I’m too tired to do it well. 2)The room is big enough for three people to live in. 七、动词不定式的复合结构 动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，前面如果是名词用for。如： 1.It’s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening. 2.It’s wise of him to do it well. 3)Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog? 八、带疑问词的不定式短语 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如： 1.用作句子的成分。 1)I don’t know what to try next. (作宾语) 2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语) 2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next? 2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there? 九、动词不定式的否定式 不定式的否定式是not / never to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如： 1.They decide not to talk to each other. 2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street. (责任编辑：admin) |