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(二) 动词语态 1. 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。 1) 一般现在时：You are required to do this. 2) 一般过去时：The story was told by her. 3) 一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 4) 现在进行时：The road is being widened. 5) 过去进行时：The new tool was being made. 6) 现在完成时：The novel has been read. 7) 过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished. 8) 过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon. 2. 一些特殊的被动结构 1) 带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon. 2) 带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted. The homework needs to be done with care. 3) 短语动词的被动： a.(不及物)动词+介词：若这类短语动词是及物性的，则可用于被动语态中，如：laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中，如：book up, look down. 等 b.(及物)动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等 c. 动词+副词 +介词：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等 d. 动词+名词+介词：catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等 4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean. (比较：The classroom is always kept clean.) 5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有： a.主动形式，这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。 The children need looking after. The windows wants /requires repairing. This point deserves mentioning. b.有些及物动词后须加副词 (如：well, easily等)， 有些可不加，如：act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write 等。 The cloth washes/ sells well. The door won’t shut. The play won’t act. c. 形容词worth后直接加动名词时，如：The book is worth reading twice. 某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 The fish is not fit to eat. d. 某些感官动词(如：feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等) 与形容词连用时：The water feels very cold. The dish tastes delicious. 6) 以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句： a. 动词leave, enter, reach 等的宾语是表示处所、地点(国家、团体，组织、军队)等。 b. 表示状态的动词，如：become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, suit, look like等。 (责任编辑：admin) |