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六. There be结构 1. There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物)，强调存在”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地”，有时为了强调地点，也可把地点状语放在句首。 There is a book on the desk. On the desk there is a book. (1)肯定句：“There be+主语(某人/某物)+介词短语” There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 (2)否定式：“There be +not+主语+介词短语” There isn’t a boy in the room.房间里没有一个男孩。 There aren’t any books on the desk.书桌上没有书。 注意：“There be句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样，在be后加not或no即可。 注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，所以not a/an/any+n，相当于no+n。 There aren’t any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There isn’t a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree. (3)疑问式：Be there+主语+介词短语?” 肯定回答是：“Yes, there be.”否定回答是：“No, there+be与not的缩写形式”。 —Is there a lamp in your bedroom?在你的卧室里有台灯吗? —Yes, there is.是的，有。 —Are there any clock in the living room?客厅里有钟吗? —No, there aren’t.不，没有。 (4)特殊疑问句：一般有两种句型结构 How many+复数名词+are/were there+介词短语? There’re many children in the park. How many children are there in the park? How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语? There was little rain around the year. How much rain was there around the year? 2. have表示“某人拥有某人或某物，强调拥有和所属关系”。 The man has two cars. 3. There be句型中的就近原则，即be和距其最近的主语保持一致。 There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor. 七. 选择疑问句 选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情况，让对方选择是哪一种，两个选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答，直接在两个选择里选一个回答。 ---Is she tall or short? ---She is tall. ---Can you play the piano or play the guitar? ---I can play the piano 八. 名词 1. 名词单数变复数规则 在英语里面，名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)。不可数名词没有单复数之分，用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分，一个的前面要用a或an，eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card，而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化，情况如下： (1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s” book→books，pen→pens，car→cars，map→maps，cartoon→cartoons (2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词+“es” box→boxes，watch→watches (3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es” family→families，comedy→comedies (4)以f或fe结尾的词，先去掉f或fe，改成“v”再加es knife→knives，wife→wives，handkerchief→handkerchieves (5) 特殊词，特殊变化，需单独记： child→children，man→men，foot→feet，woman→women tooth→teeth，sheep→sheep，deer→deer 2. 既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词 chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数，当“小鸡”讲时可数; room当“空间”讲时不可数，当“房间”讲时可数; fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数，当“鱼的种类”讲时可数; hair泛指“毛发”时不可数，当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数; sound意思是“一般性的声音”时，不可数，指“一次发出的声音”时可数; paper当“纸”讲时不可数，当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数; time当“时间”讲时不可数，当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数; exercise泛指“锻炼”时不可数，当“练习、做操”讲时可数 九. 一般过去时 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关) 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? 一般过去时基本结构 1. 肯定句形式：主语+动词过去式+其他 I was an English teacher one year ago. 一年前我是一名英语老师。 I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。 2. 否定句形式：①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词 I wasn't an English teacher one year ago. 一年前我不是一名英语老师。 I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。 3. 一般疑问句：①was/were提到句首; ②Did+主语+动词原形+其他? Were you an English teacher one year ago? 一年前你是一名英语老师吗? Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗? 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What were you one year ago? 一年前你是做什么的? (责任编辑：admin) |