|
英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加-ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析,就可发现其中也是有规律可寻的。 【AAA型】原形、过去式、过去分词三者完全一样。其特点为原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同,结尾字母一般是-t或-d。如: Cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt Cost-cost-cost put-put-put let-let-let Shut-shut-shut set-set-set 注意:动词read的过去式和过去分词的词形也与原形一致,但发音却不同,分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。 【ABB型】过去式与过去分词相同,但它们与原形不同。 1. 把单词结尾的字母-d改为-t。如: Lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent Send-sent-sent build-built-built 2. 过去式与过去分词在原形后加-t。如: Burn-burnt-burnt learn-learnt-learnt Mean-meant-meant dream-dreamt-dreamt 注意:burn, learn, dream的过去式和过去分词也可以在原形词尾加-ed。 3. 过去式与过去分词在原形后加-d。如: Hear-heard-heard lie-lied-lied(撒谎) 4. 改变单词中间的元音字母。如: Sit-sat-sat win-won-won shine-shone-shone Hold-held-held get-got-got sell-sold-sold Stick-stuck-stuck stand-stood-stood 5. 过去式和过去分词都以-aught或-ought结尾。如: Buy-bought-bought fight-fought-fought Think-thought-thought teach-taught-taught Catch-caught-caught bring-brought-brought 6. 某些以-ay结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-ay变成-aid。如: Say-said-said pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid 7. 某些以-eep结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-eep改为-ept。如: Keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-lept 8. 某些以-ell结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-ell改为?-elt,或在原形后加-ed。如: Spell-spelt-spelt smell-smelt-smelt Spell-spelled-spelled smell-smelled-smelled 9. 另外还有一些其它的不规则变化。如: Have-had-had find-found-found Leave-left-left lose-lost-lost Feel-felt-felt make-made-made Meet-met-met tell-told-told Shoot-shot-shot Understand-understood-understood 【ABA型】过去分词与原形相同,过去式与原形不同。如: Become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run 【ABC型】原形、过去式、过去分词均不相同。 1. 过去式是把原形中的-i改为-a,而过去分词是改为-u。如: Sing-sang-sung begin-began-begun Swim-swam-swum ring-rang-rung Drink-drank-drunk 2. 过去式是把原形中的-o改为-e,而过去分词是在原形词尾加-n。如: Grow-grew-grown throw-threw-thrown Know-knew-known blow-blew-blown 3. 有些动词的过去式不同,而过去分词都是在原形词尾加-n或-en构成。如: Rise-rose-risen give-gave-given Draw-drew-drawn eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen take-took-taken drive-drove-driven 4. 原形、过去式和过去分词都各不相同,无规律可循。如: Be-waswere-been go-went-gone Do-did-done break-broke-broken Wake-woke-woken fly-flew-flown Hide-hid- hidden choose-chose-chosen Beat-beat-beaten ride-rode-ridden Write-wrote-written forget-forgot-forgotten Freeze-froze-frozen speak-spoke-spoken See-saw-seen shake-shook-shaken Show-showed-shown wear-wore-worn Lie-lay-lain(躺下,位于,平放) (责任编辑：admin) |