期中考后总结:初二英语下册重点词语辨析
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初二英语下册重点词语辨析。近期,不少学校都举行了2018年秋季入学以来最重要的一次考试——期中考试。考后,想必大家都开始反思和预习了。小编整理了初二英语下册重点词语辨析,供同学们参考。 1. above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表示“在……之上”,但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;above指在某物的上方,不和某物接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;over指在某物的正上方,不和某物接触。试比较: There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。 I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。 There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。 2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth. forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”,实际上还没做;forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”,实际上已经做过了。试比较: I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。 I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了。 类似的词还有:remember, regret等。 3. hope/wish hope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下: (1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如: I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。 I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。 I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。 I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。 (2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构,而hope不可以。例如: Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来? 4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必”,也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断,意思是“一定”,“肯定”。例如: Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。 It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。 (2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如: I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。 I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。 5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”,从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如: I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow. 我听小吴说,我们明天开始军训。 Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei. 听录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。 hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”(=receive a letter from sb.)。例如: I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。 I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。 hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”,“得知”(某事或某人的存在),常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如: Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁?我从来没有听说过他。 I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。 6. It’s a pleasure. / With pleasure. It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如: ---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。 ---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。 ---Thanks a lot. Bye. 非常感谢。 再见。 ---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。 类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.” With pleasure也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如: ---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please? 请你把报纸递给我好吗? ---With pleasure. 当然可以。 7. seem/look (1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如: He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。 It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。 (2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look: 1)后跟不定式to do时。如: He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。 2)在It seems that ...结构中。如: It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。 8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for (1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的准备”,强调状态 (2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“为…做准备”,强调行为。如: I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。 I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。 He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。 Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。 (3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”,即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示 “不轻易做某事”。如: He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。 9. at table/at the table at table在吃饭,at the table在桌子旁边。例如: The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。 Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。 10. reach, arrive/get to 三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词,后直接加名词,get和arrive是不及物动词,不能直接加名词,须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,to去掉;arrive at +小地方,arrive in+大地方。如: Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。 When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的? It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色已晚。 11. sick/ill 二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,ill只作表语,不作定语;而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有"呕吐,恶心"的意思,只能作表语,而ill无此意。如: Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。 He's a sick man. (作定语)他是病人。不能说成:He's an ill man. My grandfather was sick for a month last year. (作表语)我祖父去年病了一个月。 12. in time/on time in time是"及时"的意思,on time是"准时,按时"。如: I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有及时赶上汽车。 We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时完成任务。 13. may be/maybe It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分,意思是"也许是","可能是";第二句中的maybe是副词,意思是"可能",常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词 perhaps。再如: Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。(不能说You maybe put it in that bag.) It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。(不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.) 14. noise/ voice/ sound noise 指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如: Don't make so much noise! 别那么大声喧哗! I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。 He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。 We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。 Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快,但是光传得更快。 15. bring/take Bring表示“带来、拿来”,指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表示“拿去、带走”,它表示的方向与bring相反,指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如: Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。 Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。 16. somebody/ anybody/nobody 一般说来,somebody用于定句,anybody用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如: Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。 Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗? I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没看见。 Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙,谁也不想见。 There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。 Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it . 谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我不知道。 17. listen, listen to, hear 这三个词意思都是“听”,但是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于: (1)listen 只用于不及物动词,后面接人或人物做宾语,着重于“倾听”,指的是有意识的动作,至于是否听到,并非强调的重点。如: Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听!有人在教室唱歌。 (2)listen to 为listen的及物形式,后面一定要接人或物做宾语,这里的to是介词。如: Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗? (3)hear 可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意思是“听到、听见”,指用耳朵听到了某个声音,表示无意识的动作,着重于听的能力和结果。如: We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。 She listens but hears nothing.她听了听,但是什么也没有听见。 18. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little 19. either/ neither/ both 20. take part in/join 21. quite/ rather/ very (责任编辑:admin) |