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Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park? (Period 4第四课时) Class___________ Name___________ 语法聚焦及巩固练习 现在完成时： 结构：have/has +动词的过去分词 (肯定式) haven’t/hasn’t +动词的过去分词 (否定式) 用法： 1.“已完成”：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例如：I have had breakfast. (现在我不饿了。) I have already finished my homework. (现在我不用为作业烦心了。) 2.“未完成”：表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还可能继续下去。 如果动词是持续性动词，常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间起点”连用。此用法和现在完成进行时的用法相同，故可以相互替换。 但短暂性动词不能和一段时间的时间状语连用。 have/has left—have/has been away have/has arrived—have/has been in have/has joined—have/has been in/a/an have/has come—have/has been in have/has died—have/has been dead have/has bought—have/has had/owned have/has borrowed—have/has kept have/has begun(放映)—have/has been on have/has opened—have/has been opened 例如：They have lived here for 3 years. = They have been living here for 3 years How long have you worked in this library? = How long have you been working in this library? He has left Beijing. / He has been away from Beijing for 5 years. The man has arrived in China. / The man has been in China since 2000. 标志：already___________ just_______________ ever_____________ never_____________ yet______________ before_____________ for +时间段 since+时间起点 (注意：already, just, ever, never常位于have/has与过去分词之间， yet常用于疑问句或否定句的句末。) 区分：have been to, have gone to和have been in: have been to + 地点(______________________________) have gone to + 地点(______________________________) have been in + 地点(______________________________) 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较： 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night，three weeks ago，in 1990等。 例如：I have taught here for 8 years.我在这里教书已经8年了。(我现在还在这里教书。) I taught here for 8 years.我在这里教过8年书。(不涉及现在我是否还在这里教书。) She has bought a new computer.她买了一台新电脑。(现在她有了一台新电脑) She bought a new computer last year.去年她买了一台新电脑。(只说明买的动作发生在过去。) (责任编辑：admin) |