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(二) 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是事实。虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的，因此，掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化，是掌握虚拟语气的关键。 一、 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法 虚拟语气用于简单句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语动词要用原形。 二、 虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法 (1) 在状语从句中的用法 1、 条件句中的用法 虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑，和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同。虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等，只表示不同的虚拟语气，和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。 现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下; a. 表示与现在事实相反的情况 ①形式 条件从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式 If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were) I (we) should You (he,she , +动词原形或： they,it ) would 所有人称+might(could)+动词原形 ②用法： If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. ) If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.) If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.) b. 表示与过去誓死相反的情况 ①形式; 条件从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式 If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词 I (we) should You (he,she , +have+过去分词或： they,it ) would 所有人称+could(might)+have+过去分词 ②用法： I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again) You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness ) c. 表示与将来事实相反的情况 ①形式： 条件从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式 a. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)通常要与一个表将来的时间的状语连用 b. If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should +动词原形 c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词原形 I (we) should You would +动词原形或： he(she,it ) would they would I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+动词原形 ②用法： If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.) If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.) If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.) If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形，表示 下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”) c. 混合时间条件句的用法： 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的 时间不一致。这时动词的形式，应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。 1) If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(从句叙述过去，主句叙述现在。) (fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.) 2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在，从句叙述过去) (fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.) 2、 在其他状语从句中的用法 主要用于由as if (as though) 引导的比较状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式(be 变were )或had +过去分词。” 如： She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病，在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳) Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的 英语说得好) (2)、在主语从句中的用法： 通常由形式主语it引出的主语从句来表达。主语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”;表示“必要”“重要”“奇怪”等意思。 It is necessary that you should clean the workshop after work.下班后你必须清扫车间。 It is important that we should ask advice of other people about our work.在工作中，征求别人的意见是很重要的。 更多初一语文、初一数学、初一英语等科目的学习辅导资料，请关注中考网，我们将第一时间为大家发布2015年中考最新动向！ (责任编辑：admin) |