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语法可以说是不少同学的心头痛，小编将持续为大家整理高考英语语法易错点，及经典练习题，每一道题都有专业解析，语法薄弱的同学考前一定好好看！下面是名形容词和副词练习及解析易错点练习及解析，来练习吧！  【走进高考】 1.【2018·江苏】Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff. A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A. keen敏锐的；be keen to渴望；B. reluctant不情愿的；be reluctant to不情愿做；C. anxious渴望的；be anxious to急于；D. ready准备好的；be ready to乐意。故选B。 2.【2017·江苏】Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death ,smart –phones defeated _______ PCs in sales. A. controversial B. contradictory C. confidential D. conventional 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词的辨析。A. controversial有争议的； B. contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C. confidential机密的，秘密的；D. conventional 传统的。智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选D .句意：就是在乔布斯死后的五年，智能手机在销售上击败了传统的个人电脑。 3.【2017·江苏】The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _______ explanations are hard to find. A. alternative B. aggressive C. ambiguous D. apparent 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词的辨析。A. alternative可供替代的；B. aggressive好斗的，有进取心；C. ambiguous有野心的，耗时的；D. apparent显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天体灾害引起的，但是也很难找到其它的解释。故选A。 4.【2017·天津】—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment. —I’m sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended. A. busy B. active C. concerned D. available 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词。句意：---我想见怀特先生，我们有约。---对不起，他现在没空，因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌；B.积极，活跃；C.关心；D.有空。根据语境，故选D。 5.【2016·江苏】His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected. A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。 6.【2016·江苏】His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected. A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。 7.【2016·浙江】In this article , you need to back up general statements with ________ examples. A. specific B. permanent C. abstract D. universal 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：在文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。A.具体，明确的；B.永久的；C.抽象的；D.全球的，共通的。故选A。 【语法精讲】 考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法 一、形容词的基本用法 形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 ◆(2018·江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. 尽管这家旅馆服务差，但是经理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。 形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 ◆(安徽卷)Light hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。 以 ly结尾的形容词。常见的有friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。 二、副词的基本用法 1．副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。 ◆(2015·安徽卷)They gave money to the old people’s home either personally or through their companies. 他们要么是亲自要么是通过公司给敬老院钱。 有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。 ◆Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。 2．常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。 ◆(天津卷)The young man couldn’t afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车，相反，他买了一辆二手的。 ◆(江西卷)The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I’d grown fond of our little rented house. 这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。 易用错的几类副词  [对点演练]——单句语法填空 1．More than 2，000 years ago, the brave and hard working people of Eurasia explored and opened up several routes of trade and cultural(culture) exchanges that linked the major civilizations of Asia, Europe and Africa. 2．Surprisingly(surprise), when I got home, I found a wet U．S. $20 bill stuck to the ground. 3．(2019·银川模拟)English is widely(wide) used in governments, markets, service centers and other fields. 4．(2019·宁夏模拟)The other two had run away, but they followed the big man closely(close) and caught him. 考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级 一、比较级和最高级的构成 1．规则变化  (1)有少数几个双音节以及 ow, er, le结尾的词，既可以加 er和 est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：common，quiet, stupid, shallow, narrow, clever, tender, simple, gentle, noble等。 (2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite，wonderful等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用也可用于比较，如be senior to等。 2．不规则变化  二、比较等级的用法 1．同级比较 (1)as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...和……一样；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...和……不一样 ◆(2019·河南中原名校联考)Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else. 因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。 (2)当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： ①as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... ②as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... ③as＋much＋不可数名词＋as... ◆I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today. 今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 2．比较级 “形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。 ◆To them, life is a competition—they have to do better than their peers to be happy. 对他们来说，生活已经变成了一场竞赛——他们不得不比同龄人做得更好才能获得快乐。 修饰比较等级的副词：much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级，这是短文改错常出现的错误之一。 3．最高级 (1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。 ◆(四川卷)Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got. 安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他所得到的最好的玩具。 (2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 ◆Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. ＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 ◆Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。 (4)最高级的其他表达法： ①否定词＋比较级 ②比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 ③比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 ④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 ⑤比较级＋than anything/anyone else ◆Your story is perfect；I’ve never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。 ◆The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/all the other rivers/any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 4．含有比较等级的特殊句型 (1)the＋adj./adv. er, the＋adj./adv. er 越……，越…… (2)adj./adv. er＋and＋adj./adv. er 越来越…… (3)the＋adj. er＋of the two＋名词 某人或某物是两者中较……的那个 (4)no more than 仅仅 not more than 至多；不超过 (5)more...than... 与其说……倒不如说…… (6)no＋比较级＋than 和……一样不…… (7)not＋比较级＋than 不比……更…… (8)倍数句型 ①A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ②A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ③A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B ◆(天津卷)The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. 机器人与人类互动得越多，它学会的就越多。 ◆(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole. 总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。 [对点演练]——单句语法填空 1．The harder you work in the company, the greater(great) progress you will make. 2．(2019·长沙模拟)Road safety has aroused wider(wide) attention of the public than before. 3．(2019·南阳模拟)Secondly, if you don’t want to waste time, divide the group task among all group members to make the job easier(easy)． 4．(2019·天一大联考模拟)During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest(big) of all operas in China. 看到四种情况，想到比较等级 1．看到与than连用，要想到用比较级 [例1] (新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever. [分析] cleaner 根据后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要填cleaner。 [例2] After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before. [分析] strong→stronger 根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级，表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级。故将strong改为stronger。 2．看到and, but, or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级 [例3] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life. [分析] worse→worst 由并列连词and前面的“the best”可知，and后应用形容词的最高级形式，故填worst。 3．看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(两者之间)或最高级(三者及以上) [例4] (广东卷)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. [分析] earlier 由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故填比较级earlier。 4．看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级 (1)the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．.. [例5] (辽宁卷)The (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. [分析] harder 分析句子结构可知此句为“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”句型，表示“越……，就越……”。故填harder。 (2)the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句 [例6] (陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. [分析] better→best 此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“in the world”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故将better改为best。 1．(2019·衡阳模拟)The festival is one of the four (large) ice and snow festivals in the world! largest 解析：考查比较等级。此处表示四个最大的冰雪节之一，故填largest。 2．(2019·福建厦门一中考试)It is an (attract) place full of ancient bridges, traditional hotels and restaurants all built around an amazing water network that is part of the Beijing—Hangzhou canal, the (long) canal in the world. attractive；longest 解析：第一个空修饰place，故应用形容词attractive，表示“吸引人的”。第二个空前面有the，空后有比较范围in the world，故应填最高级longest，表示“最长的”。 3．(2019·安徽合肥六中模拟)It was (amaze) that our class won the second place. Our efforts paid off! amazing 解析：此处It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。系动词be后跟形容词，此处意为“令人感到吃惊的”故填amazing。 4．(2019·山东、安徽名校联考)Thinking his key was controversial，I devoted myself to the problem heart and soul, trying to figure it out in a different way. Twenty minutes (late), I succeeded in finding, in my opinion, the right key. later 解析： 句意：由于认为他的答案有争议，我全心全意地研究这一问题，试图用不同的方法把它解出来。二十分钟以后，我找到了自己认为正确的答案。late 表示“迟，晚”，later 表示“后来，以后”。 5．(2019·湖北四地七校联考)Admittedly, we have the right to do whatever we want. ， violating others’ rights is unacceptable. However 解析： 句意：无可否认，我们有权利做任何我们想做的事。然而，侵犯他人权利是不可接受的。根据语境可知，前后为转折关系，故填However。 6．(2019·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the (fast) you will move toward your goal. faster 解析：句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。 7．(2019·沈阳监测)We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even (far)． farther 解析：考查比较级。根据该句中的“even”可以判断，此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”，故填far的比较级。 8．(2019·山东潍坊期中)It is obvious that the wide spread and recognition of Western holidays is (harm) to our traditional value. harmful 解析：句意：很明显，西方节日的广泛传播和认可对我们传统的价值观有害。设空处填形容词作表语，故填harmful，表示“有害的”。 9．(2019·广东七校联合体第二次联考)I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was (convenient) than others. more convenient 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，空处用形容词的比较级。 10．(2019·安徽滁州中学模拟) (obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. Obviously 解析：句意：很明显，一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子，作状语，应用副词。故填Obviously。 本文内容综合来源网络，编辑，如有侵权，请及时联系删除。 (责任编辑：admin) |