|
中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力, 议论文热衷话题有：旅游、环保、故事、广告类等。。下面是小编给大家整理的2020年中考英语重难点，阅读理解之议论文命题趋势及专项练习命题趋势及专项练习，初三生必看！  【满分技巧】 1.主旨题 解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 2. 细节题 解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。 3. 推断题 解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。 4.猜测词义题 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。 【热点话题】 议论文热衷话题有：旅游、环保、故事、广告类等。 【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟） A 【2019 浙江省宁波市】 话题： 科普类 难度：★ 建议用时：6分 Many people might think that if they had more money, then they would he happier in life. For example, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long. ___①____ But is that really true Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. __②____ Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy. __③___ It could be buying a present for a friend or a family member. ___④___ It could he buying a homeless person food to eat. It could he giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel Whether it is a small or large amount of money. People feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too. This idea of connecting your happiness to the happiness of others is described as a ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. ‘The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprising, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. ‘The children simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one. 1. The writer says that buying things _________. A. can make people worried B. can make people nervous C. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time 2. Where can we best put "But its not having money that brings happiness." n Paragraph 2 A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 3. Why does the writer quote(引用) a story in Paragraph 3 A. To explain Africans like sweets. B. To show examples are not enough- C. To make the writer’s opinion clearer. D. To express happiness is from children. 4. What does the writer try to tell us A. Buying new things can make people happy. B. The key to happiness is making others happy. C. If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa. D. People who have a lot of money might not be happy. 【文章大意】很多人都觉得如果他们有更多的钱，他们就会更快乐。是的，钱的确能使我们更快乐，但不是有钱能让我们快乐，而是给予别人钱能让我们快乐。人们在奉献的时候会更快乐，这是因为让别人快乐，同时也会使自己快乐。 1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long可知，用钱买东西不能长时间给我们带来快乐。由此可知应选D。 2. B【解析】推理判断题。题干中这句话But its not having money that brings happiness.意为：但是不是拥有钱带来快乐。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. 提到：事实上，钱使人们更开心；后面又提到Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy是给别人钱使人们开心。故这句话应放在②处，能使上下文意衔接，故选B。 3. C【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文是议论文，讲述了真正让人们快乐的不是有钱，而是用钱来使别人快乐。第二段的最后提到 This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.＂让别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。为了使读者更好地理解这一点，作者讲了下面的故事。因此C选项＂使作者的观点更清楚＂是正确的。 4. B【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，作者先讲述了用钱买东西并不能长久地使人们快乐，然后引出作者的观点This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.＂使别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。故B选项＂快乐的关键是使别人快乐＂，符合文章大意和主旨，故应选B。 B 【2019 江苏省苏州市】 话题： 运动类 难度：★★ 建议用时：6分 Athletics vs. Gardening The students of Southside School were asked to give their opinions about whether the school should run an athletic program or start a vegetable garden. An athletic program is hatch better than gardening. How are we ever going to win anything at the Inter-School Athletics without proper training At the moment, we only do athletics for one tam and the teachers train us. We need experts（专家）to teach us things like throwing and high jump. I know lots of kids say they’re tot interested in competitions, but that’s because they’ve never won anything. If they got better training and started winning things, they’d soon change their minds. People always say kids don’t get enough exercise. Just because you do gardening outdoors doesn’t make it exercise, so I don’t sec how it matters. Athletics is much better for fitness and lots of kids can have a go at the same tine. I don’t think there would be enough jobs for everyone in a garden. In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea. I don’t know why we’re even considering it. Liz, Grade 8 I think a vegetable garden is a great idea. We already do hours of sport, including athletics. And not everyone likes sport. Gardening is a great way to get exercise without worrying about whether you’re any good at it, or whether you’re going to win. And you really do gel exercise when you garden. There’s digging, weeding and watering Even picking things can be hard work – pumpkins aren’t light you know! There are lots of kids around here who don’t have gardens so they can’t grow things even they want to. If you really want to do more sport, you can join a club. And think about it: What helps you to be good at sport You need to eat lots of fruit and vegetables. If we learn to cook all the things we grow, the garden will keep us all fit and healthy and then we’ll be better at sport. Sam, Grade 8 1. Which of these points do Liz and Sam both make A. Kids should take exercise. B. Kids should eat vegetables. C. Kids should try to win more. D. Kids should be outside more. 2. What is one reason Liz gives for saying "a garden is a really bad idea" A. Some students don’t like getting dirty. B. Some students don’t enjoy being outside. C. Some students already know how to garden. D. Some students may have no chance to garden. 3. Why does Sam say, "And think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport" A. To change the subject. B. To introduce his next reason. C. To support Liz’s idea. D. To find an answer to the question. 【文章大意】本文以Liz和Sam为例，介绍了南城学校进行的应该开展体育项目还是开设菜园所展开的讨论，代表了两种对立的观点：Liz支持体育运动，Sam支持园艺；但是他们都认为应该让孩子们多锻炼身体。 1. A【解析】题意：这些观点中哪一个是莉兹和山姆都提出的考查细节理解。根据（Liz）Athletics is much better for fitness和（Sam）Gardening is a great way to get exercise可知他们俩都认为应该锻炼身体，故选A。 2. D【解析】题意：莉兹说＂a garden is a really bad idea＂的原因是什么考查细节判断。根据I don’t think there would be enough jobs for everyone in a garden. In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea.可知花园里不会有足够的工作给每个人，Some students may have no chance to garden.（有些学生可能没有机会种植花卉）符合句意，故选D。 3. B【解析】题意：为什么萨姆说"And think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport"考查细节判断。A.换个话题。B. 介绍他的下一个原因。C.支持利兹的想法。D.为了找到问题的答案。根据下文If we learn to cook all the things we grow, the garden will keep us all fit and healthy and then we’ll be better at sport.可知这是山姆 支持园艺的另一个理由，故选B。 C 【2019 湖北省孝感市】 话题： 健康类 难度：★★★ 建议用时：6分 Last night, a school night, my 11-year-old son’s baseball team played a game that lasted until 9:30. By the time we got home and he had a quick dinner and shower, it was 10:30-an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going to bed. We love baseball. My son is having fun, getting exercise, and learning patience, teamwork and sports spirit. But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep. As parents, we want good things for our children. We want them to be healthy both in body and in mind. To this end, we look for ways to help our kids grow and develop. We help them with their homework. We sign them up for dance, soccer and baseball. We encourage our kids to take honors courses（培优课程）or to have after-school jobs. And we praise them for hard-earned success and achievements. However, the irony is that all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away. Activities, responsibilities, and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical, learning and social ability, sleep is important. We have to start taking sleep seriously. Parents make bedtime routines and carry out（执行）strict rules about nighttime. But in fact, these measures（措施）aren’t enough because getting our kids, enough sleep isn’t just about carrying out stricter bedtime. It actually requires more than that. In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort. 1. From the passage we know the writer’s son ________. A. isn’t good at sports B. wastes time every night C. can’t get enough sleep D. always hangs out with friends 2. What does the underlined word "irony" mean in Chinese A. 光荣 B. 骄傲 C. 讽刺 D. 公正 3. What does the writer think of taking honors courses at last A. Boring. B. Unnecessary. C. Interesting. D. Enjoyable. 4. How can we make sure kids get enough sleep according to the write A. By making the children’s lives colorful. B. By refusing all the after-school activities. C. By carrying out strict rules about bedtime. D. By making an effort from parents and schools. 5. What would the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph A. Advice on how to sleep well. B. Ways of changing kids’ education. C. The importance of sleeping well. D. Measures parents and schools should take. 【文章大意】短文关注的是学生睡眠不足的问题，指出鼓励孩子参加培优课程或参加课外活动会严重影响孩子的睡眠健康，呼吁父母和学校应该做出努力确保孩子们得到他们需要的睡眠。 1. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们知道作者的儿子睡眠不足。考查细节理解。根据it was 10:30-an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going to bed.和But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep.可知作者的儿子睡眠不足，He can’t get enough sleep.符合句意，故选C。 2. C【解析】题意：带下划线的单词＂irony＂在汉语中是什么意思考查词义理解。根据下文all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away.可知我们的善意可能会带来坏的结果，这是很讽刺的，故选C。 3. B【解析】题意：最后，作者对参加培优课程有什么看法考查观点态度题。A. 无聊的；B. 不必要的；C.有趣的；D. 愉快的。根据Activities, responsibilities, and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical, learning and social ability, sleep is important.可知培优课程对于孩子们而言不是必要的，故选B。 4. D【解析】题意：我们如何确保孩子们有足够的睡眠考查细节理解。根据In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.可知需要父母和学校做出努力，By making an effort from parents and schools.符合文意，故选D。 5. D【解析】题意：在接下来的段落中，作者可能会谈论什么考查推理判断。A. 关于如何睡好觉的建议。B. 改变孩子们的教育方法。C. 睡好觉的重要性。D. 父母和学校应该采取的措施。根据In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.可知接下来会谈论父母和学校如何做才能确保孩子们有足够的睡眠，Measures parents and schools should take符合文意，故选D。 D 【2019 贵州省安顺市】 话题： 难度：★★★ 建议用时：6分 For many years, sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China. This year, however, California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese products. Christopher, a garlic grower in California, is manager of his company and he said, "In a perfect world, we would love to see the tariffs on China." Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,and the reason is that U.S President Donald Trump increased tariffs on Chinese products worth of $200 billion. Since then, Chinese buyers have almost stopped buying soybeans from the United States and American soybean farmers are now getting worried. Not everyone likes the garlic tariffs in the U.S. Last July Christopher expressed his support on Trump’s policy（政策）. However, officials from McCormick and Company Inc. didn’t agree with the policy. McCormick’s CEO, Lawrence told Reuters（路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can’t go. Actually ,the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权）,and it will destroy American economy and U.S government will lose its trust from other countries in the world. 1. From the passage we infer（推理）that ___________. A. America is buying garlic from China as much as before B. American soybean farmers make money as much as before C. China is still buying crops from America as much as before D. Garlic growers in California are making more money than before 2. Why is less Chinese garlic bought by America this year A. Because enough garlic is grown in California. B. Because American government has increased tax（税收）on Chinese garlic. C. Because China is not buying soybeans from America. D. Because companies support American government. 3. What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to A. China B. the trade C. American hegemony D. a sign 4. How much tariff did American government increase on Chinese garlic On May 9,2019 A. 15％ B. 25％ C. 10％ D. 35％ 5. According to the passage, who disagrees with the America policy of having tariffs on Chinese products A. Christopher B. Donald Trump C. California garlic growers D. Lawrence 【文章大意】本文通过大蒜谈论中美贸易战。 1. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第1段For many years, sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China. This year, however, California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese products.（多年来，由于中国的大蒜价格便宜得多，加州的大蒜销量一直很低。然而，今年，加州大蒜的销量正在上升，因为美国政府提高了对中国产品的关税。）可以推断出加州的大蒜种植者比以前赚了更多的钱；故选D。 2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段第1句Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,（2019年5月9日，中国大蒜的关税从10%上升到25%）可知今年美国购买的中国大蒜比较少是因为美国政府增加了对中国大蒜的税收；故选B。 3. C【解析】细节理解题。此句Actually ,the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权）,and it will destroy American economy and U.S government will lose its trust from other countries in the world.句意是：事实上，中美贸易战是美国霸权的标志，它将摧毁美国经济，美国政府将失去世界各国的信任。根据句意可知it指代＂美国霸权＂；故选C。 4. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段第1句Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,（2019年5月9日，中国大蒜的关税从10%上升到25%）可知2019年5月9日，美国政府对中国大蒜增加了15%关税；故选A。 5. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第4段第3句McCormick’s CEO, Lawrence told Reuters（路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can’t go.（麦考密克的首席执行官劳伦斯告诉路透社，没有中国大蒜，美国就不行。）可知，Lawrence（劳伦斯）不同意美国对中国产品征收关税的政策；故选D。 E 【2019 江苏省苏州市】 话题： 购物类 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：6分 If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see clearly the different games and toys for boys and girls: there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls; and dark-colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink. Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some scientists, this happens for two reasons. Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect (影响) the choices and the decisions they will make in the future. Some parents are worried too-for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. ＂Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,＂ she says. But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all. ＂People forget that things change all the time,＂ he says. ＂My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change.＂ Turner explains that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore. ＂This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change,＂ he adds. ＂It’s only since the 1940s that people have stated dressing girls in pink-before that it was a color for boys.＂ 1. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage A. B. C. D. 2. The underlined word ＂that＂ in Paragraph 3 means __________. A. being soft and gentle B. being strong and powerful C. being gentle but powerful D. being cute and beautiful 3. According to Grayson Turner, __________. A. parents needn’t worry about pink toys B. all little kids love the color pink C. pink has always been a color for girls D. his girls now prefer the color blue 4. The purpose of this passage is to __________. A. explain why girls are crazy about the color pink B. make parents less worried about the color pink C. encourage girls to give up playing with pink toys D. show people’s different opinions about the color pink 【文章大意】在给孩子买玩具或者衣服的时候，我们会发现很多女孩的玩具或衣服都是粉色的，而男孩的是蓝色的。但现在一些人担心太多的粉色对女孩是不好的，对于这个问题不同的家长有不同的看法。 1. B【解析】主旨大意题。这个题目考查文章结构，根据文意可知，短文第一段提出了问题，第二段和第三段分别介绍了担心粉色对女孩不好的一些人和一些家长的看法；第四段则提出了反面的观点，即觉得粉色没有什么不好的这样的家长的看法。由此可知B选项符合文章的逻辑，故选B。 2. B【解析】细节理解题。that是一个代词，代指上文提到的事情，根据它所在的语境＂Pink says that you are soft ad gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,＂ she says.可知，Vanessa想让自己的女儿强壮、有力，但她担心粉色不能帮助女儿们那样。因此that代指的是上句话中提到的strong and powerful，故应选B。 3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all.可知，Turner不觉得粉色有什么不好的，他觉得家长们不必为此担心。故应选A。 4. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第二段第一句话Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls.、第三段第一句话Some parents are worried too以及第四段第一句话But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink.可知，这篇短文介绍了人们对粉色对孩子的影响的不同看法。因此应选D。 本文内容综合来源网络，编辑，如有侵权，请及时联系删除。 (责任编辑：admin) |