Unit 5 I'm watching TV. 同步语法讲解 山东肥城仪阳初级中学 葛 鑫 【例句呈现】 (1) What are you doing? I'm watching TV. 你在干什么?我在看电视。 (2) What's he doing? He's doing his homework. 他在做什么?他在做功课。 (3) What's she doing? She's reading. 她在干什么?她在读书。 (4) What's he waiting for? He's waiting for a bus. 他在等什么?他在等公交车。 (5) Who are they talking to? They're talking to a policewoman. 他们在和谁谈话?他们正和一位女警察交谈。 【概念讲解】 以上例句呈现的是本册重要的一种时态:现在进行时(The Present Progressive Tense)。下面我们从以下几点来了解该时态的有关知识。 ■ 定义 (1)现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作、行为。如: His father is reading newspaper. 他父亲正在看报纸。 The students are listening to the teacher. 学生们正在听老师讲课。 (2)现在进行时也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。如: The workers are building a big house these days. 工人们这些天来在建一栋大房子。 I'm teaching the children to swim this month. 这个月来我都在教孩子们游泳。 ■ 构成 现在进行时是由be (am / is / are)加动词-ing形式构成,动词-ing形式即现在分词。其陈述句式为:sb.+ be + V-ing +其他。例如: (1) I'm cleaning the blackboard. 我正在擦黑板。 (2) He is playing computer games. 他正在玩电脑游戏。 (3) The students are listening to the teacher. 学生们正在听老师讲课。 由于现在进行时的句中含有动词be,因此,否定句和一般疑问句只要遵循“否be not, 疑be提前”就可以了。以上例句的否定句和一般疑问句具体如下: (1) I'm not cleaning the blackboard. 我不在擦黑板。 Are you cleaning the blackboard? 你在擦黑板吗? (2) He's not playing computer games. 他不在玩电脑游戏。 Is he playing computer games? 他在玩电脑游戏吗? (3) The students aren't listening to the teacher. 学生们不在听老师讲课。 Are the students listening to the teacher? 学生们在听老师讲课吗? ■ 现在分词(V-ing)的变化规则 (1)正常变化是在动词原型后加ing,如: read --- reading; drink --- drinking; eat --- eating; listen --- listening (2)特殊变化 1)以e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ing,如: write --- writing; make --- making; ride --- riding; take --- taking; come --- coming; drive—driving; arrive --- arriving 2)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母(只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时),要双写结尾的辅音字母再加ing,如: sit --- sitting; swim --- swimming; put --- putting; run --- running; get ---- getting; begin --- beginning; shop --- shopping; stop --- stopping ■ 现在进行时的判断 现在进行时作为初中阶段的重要时态之一,在中考中占有一定的比重。应该说,对于现在进行时只要我们把握好固定的判断词,问题就迎刃而解了。该时态常见常用的判断词,笔者总结口诀如下: 现在进行好判断,汉意多有“正在干”;句中now最常见,look, listen放在前。另外It’s+时间,还有Don’t+动原。 例如:(1) The children are swimming at the pool now. 孩子们现在正在游泳池游泳。 (2) Look, the twins are flying a kite. 看,那对双胞胎在放风筝。 (3) Listen, who is singing in the next room? 听,谁正在隔壁房间唱歌? (4) It's 8 o'clock. The students are having an English class. 现在8点了,学生们正上英语课。 (5) Don't talk. I'm writing a letter. 别说话。我在写信呢。 注意:(1)不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如:see, like, want, know, find, hear等动词往往都不用进行时态。(2)一些表示位置移动变化的动词,如:go, come, leave, fly, move, start, begin, arrive, stay, return等用于现在进行时,表示将要发生的动作和行为。例如: Mother's Day is coming. 母亲节就要来到了。 I know you're arriving next Saturday. 我知道你下周六就要到了。 【用法讲解】 有关现在进行时的考查不外乎构成、转换和判断等角度,下面就一些具体的题型来加以分析探讨。 ●单项选择 1. (2010 北京) --- What's your father doing now? --- He ____ the room. A. cleaned B. cleans C. has cleaned D. is cleaning 2. (2010 上海) Today is Father's Day. My mother ______ a special dinner for my grandpa now. A. prepare B. prepared C. is preparing D. will prepare ●用所给单词或提示的适当形式填空 1. Look! Some kids are _________ (放风筝) on the beach.(2010 福建福州) 2. Look! The people in the river ________ (swim). 3. Nancy is w______ a letter in the room. 4. --- ______ Helen _______ (wash) clothes? --- Yes, she is. 分析:以上两种题型集中体现了对现在进行时的考查。在单项选择和用所给提示的适当形式填空的前两个题目中,都含有非常明显的标志词,因此不难判定。而第二大题的第3、4小题可以看作非标志性的现在进行时判断。解题的关键在于两句中的be动词is.只要同学们牢记一个原则:be动词绝不能与动词原形直接连用。如果直接用在一起,实义动词必须为现在分词形式。 ●根据要求改写下列句子 1. The students are cleaning the classroom. (变一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 2. Lily's mother is making some dumplings. (变否定句) 3. I'm playing football on the playground. (就划线部分提问) 分析:以上题目是对现在进行时各种句式转换的考察,只要同学们记住该时态句式的变化规则就很容易做到了。 ●将下列句子译成英语 1. 你在等公交车吗? Are you ________________ a bus? 2. Lucy ________________(在拍照) in the park. 3. The man _____________________ (没在打电话) phone. 4. 你们在谈论什么? What are you ________________? 分析:以上题目是对现在进行时的构成的集中考查。在做有关现在进行时的汉译英时,必须牢记一个原则:be和现分两要素,缺一不可要用全。 【错例探究】 对于该时态,同学们在平常训练中,常见的错误有如下情况: 1. be动词、现在分词顾此失彼。如: (1) The women are take photos now. 妇女们在照相。 (2) The old men drinking tea under the tree. 老人们正在树下喝茶。 分析:这种错误在同学们的练习中最为常见,大家必须牢记现在进行时肯定句的构成规律:be和现分两要素,缺一不可要用全。因此,以上两处错误分别改为:(1) taking (2) are drinking. 2. 句中现在分词形式运用不准。如: (1) Is his father cleanning his car? 他父亲在擦车吗? (2) Tom is plaiing basketball on the playground. 汤姆正在操场上打篮球。 分析:克服这种错误,同学们必须牢记现在分词的变化规则,尤其两种特殊变化情况。大家可记住以下口诀:一添一去y不变。一添即双写规则,一去即去e规则,y不变指要与名词变复数区别开来。因此,以上错处应为:(1) cleaning (2) playing. 3. 对动词或动词短语划线提问时,往往漏用doing.如: (1) Mary is listening to music in the bedroom.(划线提问) What is Mary in the bedroom? 分析:现在进行时态中,对动词提问,同学一定要牢记以下原则:What + be + doing + 其他?以上应为:What is Mary doing in the bedroom? 4. 现在进行时的选择疑问句容易忽视or后的现在分词形式。如: Are you reading books or watch TV? 你是在看书还是在看电视? 分析:连词or前后必须为两个相同的成分,因此,应为:Are you reading books or watching TV? 5.忽视一些往往不用于现在进行时的特殊动词。如: I'm hearing someone singing in the room. 我正听见有人在房间里唱歌。 分析:对于一些不用于现在进行时的特殊动词,大家务必牢记,真正掌握下来。以上应改为:I hear someone singing in the room. 附:【用法讲解】题目答案 单项选择 1. D 2. C 用所给单词或提示的适当形式填空 1. are flying kites 2. are swimming 3. writing 4. Is; washing 根据要求改写下列句子 1. Are the students cleaning the classroom? Yes, they are. 2. Lily's mother isn't making any dumplings. 3. What are you doing on the playground? 将下列句子译成英语 1. waiting for 2. is taking photos 3. isn't talking on the 4. talking about (责任编辑:admin) |