初二英语下册重点语法知识讲解。近期,不少学校都举行了2018年秋季入学以来最重要的一次考试——期中考试。考后,想必大家都开始反思这次失分的地方。小编整理了初二英语下册重点语法知识,供同学们参考。 重点语法1 一般将来时态的应用 do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done 一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years. 否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years. 一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years? 重点语法2 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的结构 should/would+动词原形 do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him. 否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him. 一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑问句例句:What should I do? 重点语法3 过去进行时 do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed. 否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed. 一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed? 动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。 例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed. 重点语法4 宾语从句 结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 1、引导名词性从句的连接词 (1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分 (2)whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。 I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。 (3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语) 连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语) 2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态 (1)当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 (2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。 She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 (3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。 重点语法5 if 引导的条件状语从句 结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句 if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句 注意: 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。 例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party. =If you go to the party, you'll have a great time. 重点语法6 现在完成进行时态 do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done 现在完成进行时态所应用的场合: ①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做 ②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。 现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours. 否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours. 一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating? 重点语法7 现在完成时 一、现在完成时的结构 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have.) 否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他. 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解 1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在,主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。 He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。 We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。 2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。 He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。 3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。 重点语法8 反意疑问句 反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。 He's a student, isn't he? She's not his mother, is she? 回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的,则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的,则必须用 no 回答。 ---You're not ready, are you?你还没有准备好,对吧? ---No, I'm not.是的,我没有准备好。 ---Yes, I am.不,我准备好了。 (责任编辑:admin) |